Many people are sure that exercise improves their mood, and studies have suggested that exercise is almost as effective as antidepressants in relieving symptoms of depression. But a new study has found that even though people who exercise are less likely to be depressed or anxious, it is probably not because they exercise Read the entire article.
Exercise provides a superb method of relieving stress. There is no question that exercise can be used to treat depression. But does a lack of exercise correlate with depression? A recent study says no.
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This from the NYT:
Dutch researchers studied 5,952 twins from the Netherlands Twins Registry, as well as 1,357 additional siblings and 1,249 parents, all 18 to 50 years old. They recorded survey data about the frequency and duration of exercise and used well-validated scales to uncover symptoms of depression and anxiety. The study was published Monday in The Archives of General Psychiatry.
Studying twins allowed the researchers to distinguish between genetic and environmental effects, and they found that the association of exercise with reduced anxious and depressive symptoms could be explained genetically: people disinclined to exercise also tend to be depressed. One does not cause the other.
This does not mean that exercise is useless in alleviating depressive symptoms. “Exercise may still be beneficial for patients being treated for an anxiety or depressive disorder,” said Marleen H. M. de Moor, the lead author of the study and a doctoral student in psychology at VU University Amsterdam. “But we couldn’t find evidence for a causal effect in the population at large.”
Tuesday, August 19, 2008
Exercise & Depression
In Terms Of Longevity & Cardiovascular Health, Fitness Trumps Obesity As Deciding Factor
. . . [I]s a person’s weight really a reliable indicator of overall health? Read the entire article.
As reported by the NYT, several new studies show that, for health, the first ingredient is physical fitness. It trumps obesity and the waist line as the prime determinant of health and longevity.
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This from the NYT:
Increasingly, medical research is showing that it isn’t. Despite concerns about an obesity epidemic, there is growing evidence that our obsession about weight as a primary measure of health may be misguided.
Last week a report in The Archives of Internal Medicine compared weight and cardiovascular risk factors among a representative sample of more than 5,400 adults. The data suggest that half of overweight people and one-third of obese people are “metabolically healthy.” That means that despite their excess pounds, many overweight and obese adults have healthy levels of “good” cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose and other risks for heart disease.
At the same time, about one out of four slim people — those who fall into the “healthy” weight range — actually have at least two cardiovascular risk factors typically associated with obesity, the study showed.
To be sure, being overweight or obese is linked with numerous health problems, and even in the most recent research, obese people were more likely to have two or more cardiovascular risk factors than slim people. But researchers say it is the proportion of overweight and obese people who are metabolically healthy that is so surprising.
“We use ‘overweight’ almost indiscriminately sometimes,” said MaryFran Sowers, a co-author of the study and professor of epidemiology at the University of Michigan. “But there is lots of individual variation within that, and we need to be cognizant of that as we think about what our health messages should be.”
The data follow a report last fall from researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute showing that overweight people appear to have longer life expectancies than so-called normal weight adults.
But many people resist the notion that people who are overweight or obese can be healthy. Several prominent health researchers have criticized the findings from the C.D.C. researchers as misleading, noting that mortality statistics don’t reflect the poor quality of life and suffering obesity can cause. . . .
Part of the problem may be our skewed perception of what it means to be overweight. Typically, a person is judged to be of normal weight based on body mass index, or B.M.I., which measures weight relative to height. A normal B.M.I. ranges from 18.5 to 25. Once B.M.I. reaches 25, a person is viewed as overweight. Thirty or higher is considered obese.
. . . Several studies from researchers at the Cooper Institute in Dallas have shown that fitness — determined by how a person performs on a treadmill — is a far better indicator of health than body mass index. In several studies, the researchers have shown that people who are fat but can still keep up on treadmill tests have much lower heart risk than people who are slim and unfit.
In December, a study in The Journal of the American Medical Association looked at death rates among 2,600 adults 60 and older over 12 years. Notably, death rates among the overweight, those with a B.M.I. of 25 to 30, were slightly lower than in normal weight adults. Death rates were highest among those with a B.M.I. of 35 or more.
But the most striking finding was that fitness level, regardless of body mass index, was the strongest predictor of mortality risk. Those with the lowest level of fitness, as measured on treadmill tests, were four times as likely to die during the 12-year study than those with the highest level of fitness. Even those who had just a minimal level of fitness had half the risk of dying compared with those who were least fit.
During the test, the treadmill moved at a brisk walking pace as the grade increased each minute. In the study, it didn’t take much to qualify as fit. For men, it meant staying on the treadmill at least 8 minutes; for women, 5.5 minutes. The people who fell below those levels, whether fat or thin, were at highest risk.
The results were adjusted to control for age, smoking and underlying heart problems and still showed that fitness, not weight, was most important in predicting mortality risk.
Stephen Blair, a co-author of the study and a professor at the Arnold School of Public Health at the University of South Carolina, said the lesson he took from the study was that instead of focusing only on weight loss, doctors should be talking to all patients about the value of physical activity, regardless of body size.
“Why is it such a stretch of the imagination,” he said, “to consider that someone overweight or obese might actually be healthy and fit?”
Sunday, August 17, 2008
Food Fight: Olympic Champion versus Food Nazis
. . . Consider Michael Phelps. Eating a diet loaded with so-called “junk” foods (white bread, fried eggs, and pasta by the pound), the famous Olympic champion downs an astonishing 12 thousand calories each day. However, at 6’4” and 195 lbs, Phelps is far from obese or unhealthy. The swimmer’s big appetite and lean physique seems to contradict the dietary rules eschewed in obesity policies. The explanation is balance. Phelps offsets the energy he eats with the energy he burns. Food cops, like Michael Jacobson from the Center for Science in the Public Interest, pay little more than lip service to these couch-potato habits that have become the norm in recent years. Instead, Jacobson and other “obesity” experts single out “junk food” as the culprit behind our burgeoning behinds. Pushing a food-only approach, these sticklers lobby for highly restrictive public health policies that leave no room for common sense (and diets that leave no room for dessert). But the nutritionally risqué diets of Phelps and other top-performing athletes show that any food can be part of an active lifestyle. Read the entire article.
Much has been made of Michael Phelps 12,000 calorie a day diet that breaks every rule known to food nazis, including renowned nanny Michael Jacobsen. The Center for Conumer Freedom has a hilarious comparison between the two Michael's that also makes the point that exercise is at the heart of staying fit and thin.
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This from the Center for Consumer Freedom:
Most Americans don’t achieve that same balance.
Though many of us can’t keep up with Phelps’ exercise regimen, there’s plenty of opportunity for activity hidden in our day-to-day life. We drive rather than walk to work. We shop online instead of at the store. We ride rather than push our mowers. And with hundreds of channels on television, we spend more time watching sports than playing them. One contributor to yesterday’s Wall Street Journal noted:
Wednesday, August 13, 2008
The Relationship Between Calories & Exercise - 12,000 Calories A Day Worth (Updated)
Swimming sensation Michael Phelps has an Olympic recipe for success - and it involves eating a staggering 12,000 calories a day. Read the entire article.
The NY Post has the story on the dietary side of Olympic Champ Michael Phelps's training regime. You will not find it in any diet books, but it does show the relationship between diet and exercise.
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This from the NY Sun:
"Eat, sleep and swim. That's all I can do," Phelps, who won two more gold medals today, told NBC when asked what he needs to win medals. "Get some calories into my system and try to recover the best I can."
By comparison, the average man of the same age needs to ingest about 2,000 calories a day.
Phelps, 23, will swim 17 times over nine days of competition at the Beijing Games - meaning that he will need all the calories he can shovel in his mouth in order to keep his energy levels high.
Phelps' diet - which involves ingesting 4,000 calories every time he sits down for a meal - resembles that of a reckless overeater rather than an Olympian.
Phelps lends a new spin to the phrase "Breakfast of Champions" by starting off his day by eating three fried-egg sandwiches loaded with cheese, lettuce, tomatoes, fried onions and mayonnaise.
He follows that up with two cups of coffee, a five-egg omelet, a bowl of grits, three slices of French toast topped with powdered sugar and three chocolate-chip pancakes.
At lunch, Phelps gobbles up a pound of enriched pasta and two large ham and cheese sandwiches slathered with mayo on white bread - capping off the meal by chugging about 1,000 calories worth of energy drinks.
For dinner, Phelps really loads up on the carbs - what he needs to give him plenty of energy for his five-hours-a-day, six-days-a-week regimen - with a pound of pasta and an entire pizza.
He washes all that down with another 1,000 calories worth of energy drinks. . . .
Update: Much more on the Michael Phelps diet from Guardian reporter Jon Henley.
Weight Loss With A Painless Twist
My experience has been that I didn't start to lose weight until I started feeding myself regularly. My aim was to eat just enough every three to four hours that I did not feel any hunger before my next meal three to four hours later. I did not consciously deny myself any food. I did consciously limit how much I ate at any sitting and paid close attention to making sure that, if I ate things that I knew would leave me feeling hungy an hour later - i.e., fruit, grains, deserts - that I would also eat at those meals some protein and oil that would dampen the glycemic effects and not leave me with false hunger an hour later. It worked. Sachi of Big Lizards has adopted a somewhat similar approach - for which she was kicked off of a Japanese weight loss bulletin board. People as a rule tend to think that in order to gain something, they need to give up something. This concept is ancient and universal: "No pain, no gain;" "there ain't no such thing as a free lunch;" "good medicine tastes bitter." Such proverbs exit in every culture, and they reflect a common belief: If a story sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Read the entire post. There is much more. I am not familiar with Mr. McKenna's program, but I am quite familiar with most of the techniques articulated by Sachi and can speak to their effectiveness when accompanied by exercise. The one that I did not know about was closing one's eyes while eating.
This from Sachi:
A healthy suspicion is a good thing. We don’t want to be gullible, do we? However, some stories really are as good as they sound.
Who says losing weight has to be an act of self-flagellation? Why can't there be a way to eat anything you want and still lose weight? Plenty of people do; we all know someone who eats anything he wants but never gains an ounce. What's his secret? (Trick question; there isn't one.)
But what if someone invented a magical diet pill that would solve all your weight problems; would you take it? I suspect that an awful lot of people would not, even if believed it would really work. In fact, some of them would become violently angry: The very concept of easy and craving-free weight loss offends them, just as some people are outraged by the idea that we might somebody be able to solve our energy needs without any conservation ("making do with less") at all, or cure smoking-related diseases without forcing the entire country to quit smoking.
There is no such magic diet pill (yet!) But there really is a weight-loss system that works remarkably well for most people who try it; and it doesn't require buying special food, attending support groups, embarassing yourself on national TV, or spending any money at all. I made the mistake of alluding to it in the Yahoo topic -- and the reaction of the other posters was exactly as I said above; they were irate.
Recently, Dafydd and I both lost a lot of weight using a system promoted by British motivational speaker and hypnotherapist Paul McKenna. We first saw his four lectures on the Learning Channel (for free); we were skeptical, but we tried it... and without depriving ourselves or having any "forbidden foods," we lost a lot of weight.
For serious food lovers like us, this was an incredible solution. But McKenna didn't invent the program; all he did was observe the eating habits of NTPs and generalize to four basic rules. His real talent is actually getting people enthusiastic enough to give it an honest try.
I'm not an agent of McKenna, paid or volunteer; forgive me if I don't go into the details. If you're interested, I recommend you go to his web site and investigate it yourself. If you want to buy the book or DVD set, buy it. If not, then don't. (We bought a copy of the latter just to lend to friends and family who noticed we were suddenly much thinner and wanted to know how.)
But let me at least explain the four basic rules of McKenna system:
-- When you are hungry, eat.
-- Eat what you want, not what you think you should eat.
-- Eat consciously, savoring every bite.
-- When you even think you might be full, stop eating.
That's it. Too simple to work, right?
There are reasons why each rule supports the others; you need to practice them all, but that shouldn't be too hard. Anyway, since we weren't risking anything, we gave it a shot; and for us, the results were both quick and dramatic.
All right, enough about the program. Here's the point that leads to the story of the diet topic: The most refreshing thing about McKenna's program is that you don't have to suffer. You never go hungry; in fact, if you let yourself get too hungry, you're violating rule number one.
Since you know you can eat when you feel hungry and you're not stuck eating nothing but celery sticks and seaweed, you're under no pressure. You can easily do this for rest of your life; and that's the key.
For the past ten or fifteen years, I'd been battling ever-increasing body weight. I tried the Atkins diet, the 1000-calorie-a-day diet, the Slim Fast diet; you name it, I tried it. I always lost some weight, a few pounds, while I was dieting; once I even lost 25 pounds. But as soon as I went off the diet, the weight came back and then some. That's typical of most people's experience, as anyone who has ever dieted can tell you.
Most of the time, a diet fails because you think of it as a diet, something you're going to do until you get down to your "target weight;" and then you'll stop. It's too hard to maintain a diet forever; you're depriving yourself of everything you like to eat. So your diet is always temporary; when you lose X pounds (or get tired of dieting), you start eating like a ravenous wolverine again... and it starts all over.
But the problem isn't what you eat, it's how much you eat. There are no foods that are inherently bad; there are only bad eating habits. In fact, we eat the same food we always used to eat -- Chinese, Italian, sushi, pork chops, steak, pasta, tiramisu -- but we eat a whole lot less of it... literally half to a third of what we used to eat. What McKenna's program does is teach you how to eat what you want without eating more of it than you really need.
It worked amazingly well (along with exercising, which was never our problem; we always exercised). As my weight loss progressed, as I lost ten, twenty, thirty, forty pounds, I naturally wanted to talk about it with other people. But I understood that nothing is more boring than listening to someone else's weight loss story, unless you're also trying to lose weight. So I figured the best place to talk to others would be a (Japanese language) weight loss bulletin board. There, I figured, I could discuss various weight loss experiences with like-minded people, without boring everybody else.
There are many such boards. I tried a couple and immediately ran into a problem: Nobody had any interest in hearing about my experience. As soon as I said, "You can eat anything you want...” they tuned out. If they said anything at all, it was, “There's no such thing” or “It never works.” The fact I lost over 40 pounds didn't seem to impress them; some even called me a liar.
After b-board hopping for a while, I finally settled in a topic run by a woman who lost over 100 lbs in one year. Her handle name translated to “Three Digit,” because she used to weigh over 100 kilograms (220 pounds).
3D runs a blog called "Stoic Diet;" her method is the polar opposite of McKenna's.
. . . The fit hit the shan a few days ago, when another poster complained about not being able to control her appetite; her post sounded like she was in tears when she wrote it. Although I'd been careful not to discuss the McKenna system in any detail, I couldn't let this woman just suffer: I made the mistake of giving her few possible solutions from McKenna's lectures; in particular, I told her to try close her eyes while she ate.
(Medical dietary researchers have found that if you eat while blindfolded, you feel full after eating significantly less food than if you can see your food while you eat. The visual stimulus of food makes you feel hungrier and overwhelms your stomach's signal that it's full. McKenna suggests trying it a few times if you're having trouble stopping, until you learn to detect your stomach's "full" signal.)
That advice set off one of the other posters -- not even the person I was talking to, but a different woman. She told me my "stupid advice" to the other woman was a distraction, like an annoying noise. Also, she told me that she had been really irritated by my food list. She was especially ticked off by my lox and bagel with cream cheese breakfast. "This is too much!" She said. "How can you eat such a high fat, high calorie, and high carbohydrate food combination when you're trying to lose weight? Your posts create a hostile environment, and you make me sick!"
Her violent reaction shocked me; but I was even more astonished when 3D, the moderator, sided with the complainer and handed me a "red card" for violating one of her topic rules: I had dared to mention a different weight-loss method than her “stoic diet.” I was never even aware of such a rule, which was not written down anywhere.
When I told Dafydd about this, he immediately said, "With that absolute passion for freedom of speech, she must a liberal."
I told 3D I was merely conveying a simple trick to supplement her method. She tells people to eat less; if there's a simple, easy way to control appetite, why shouldn't people discuss it? Our mutual goal is to lose weight and keep it off, so what difference does it make how we achieve that goal?
"No!" she wrote; "that's not my goal. That's not this topic's objective at all. I am not simply trying to lose weight and maintain it: The goal is to change one's lifestyle forever. Your goal and my goal are completely incompatible. Don't think even for a second that we're heading toward the same place." (I'm translating from Japanese, obviously.)
What does she mean by “changing one’s life style?” Obviously not simply maintaining ideal weight and staying healthy; she can only mean something simultaneously more spiritual and more ominous.
. . . She seems to have taken a single quotation from the Stoic philosopher Epictetus and turned it into a dieting program:
“Freedom is secured not by the fulfilling of one's desires, but by the removal of desire.”
Of course, she hasn't removed desire... she just denies herself any food she desires. I don't think she really understands the point of Stoicism. Instead, 3D is like a Buddhist monk who deprives himself of every earthly desire in order to achieve spiritual "nothingness" (what a goal!) For her, the hardship of dieting is more important than losing weight. . . .
Sunday, August 10, 2008
Scotland's NHS: 90 Minutes Of Vigirous Exercise A Day Needed For Weight Loss
IT has been revered as the perfect way to keep healthy and stay in shape. Read the article.
Based on guidelines from the American College of Sports Medicine in Indianapolis, Scotland's National Health Service is calling for 90 minutes of vigirous exercise per day to lose weight and sustain the loss.
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This from the Scotsman:
But the traditional 30-minute-a-day exercise target is insufficient and overweight Scots will need a daily 90-minute workout to stand any chance of fighting the flab, according to new public health guidance.
The advice, which GPs and nurses are to pass on to NHS patients, also warns that light housework such as cleaning or dusting, or strolling round the supermarket, must not be counted in the daily exercise regime.
Instead, only "moderate" or "vigorous" activity such as brisk walking, running, swimming and heavy domestic chores like vacuuming, mowing the lawn or painting and decorating count.
And as part of their weekly regime all adults should perform two sessions of weight training exercises.
The updated guidance on exercise targets has been published by the Scottish Government's public health advisory body NHS Health Scotland. The recommended levels of physical activity have been renewed with ambitious new targets following a recent change in international guidelines.
The guidance is being sent out to GPs, practice nurses, health visitors and pharmacists so they can advise members of the public on how to incorporate exercise into their daily lives as part of the NHS drive to reduce the nation's soaring obesity problem.
. . . The guidance document, 'Energising Lives', states that NHS staff must make physical activity a "higher priority", with 60% of men and 70% of women not thought to be taking enough exercise.
It sets out a number of tips that staff can offer to patients. It adds: "You should do at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity, above usual activity at work or home, on at least five days of the week. If you are already overweight or obese, then you should aim to do between 60 and 90 minutes on five days of the week."
Approved activities according to the guidance include brisk walking, running, badminton and cycling as well as heavier household and gardening chores such as mowing the lawn and vacuuming.
However, many ordinary activities of "light intensity" such as office work, shopping or cooking do not count towards the daily target. Nor does anything that takes less than 10 minutes, such as taking out the rubbish.
It adds that weight training or stair climbing should be included twice a week and that a range of activities should be aimed for to improve stamina, strength, flexibility and balance.
Last night a spokeswoman for NHS Health Scotland said the document was based on recently updated, internationally recognised guidelines produced by the American College of Sports Medicine in Indianapolis.
She added: "NHS primary care staff felt there was a need for a guide that had appropriate advice for patients. This really spells out what type of exercise to do and making it relate to people's lives. People can interpret it in different ways so this gives examples of what staff can tell patients to do. This is about how to put it into practice.
"It's up to the discretion of the GP or nurse how they use this information. It's not about going to the gym but doing things like gardening to benefit health."
A spokeswoman for the British Medical Association said: "This has to operate in tandem with advice, support and education on healthy eating and making sensible lifestyle choices. In order to make a significant impact on the weight of individuals there has to be a commitment to do as much exercise as possible.
"If somebody is suffering from the medical consequences of being obese or overweight, they may be at risk of chronic heart disease, stroke or have high blood pressure but if they lose weight they are more likely to reduce their health risks. So it may be appropriate to raise the potential for exercise with the patient. That's a discussion that has to take place between the GP and the patient."
Margaret Watt, chairwoman of the Scotland Patients' Association, described the move as "a step in the right direction". However, she warned it would not work unless people were sufficiently motivated. She added: "It's a personal responsibility and people will not be helped unless they want to help themselves."
But Edinburgh-based personal trainer Tracy Griffen said most members of the public would find it far too difficult to meet the targets. She said: "Most people who have not exercised before would struggle even to walk for 90 minutes a day, let alone do weight training.
Monday, August 4, 2008
The Relationship Between Exercise & Sustaining Weight Loss
In addition to limiting calories, overweight and obese women may need to exercise 55 minutes a day for five days per week to sustain a weight loss of 10 percent over two years, according to a report in the July 28 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine . . .
It would seem that sustaining weight loss requires approximately an hour of exercise per day, at least 5 days a week. That is the conclusion of a recent long term study reported in the Archives of Internal Medicene, a subsidiary publication of the Journal of American Medicine. It comports with the observation of the National Weight Loss Registry, that of those who have lost significant amounts of weight and kept it off, 90% of them exercise over one hour per day.
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It would seem that in the world of weight loss, the importance of daily exercise in sufficient quantity and vigor cannot be overemphasized. This from the Archives of Internal Medicine:
Read the entire article.
More than 65 percent of U.S. adults are overweight, a public health concern, according to background information in the article. "Among obese adults, long-term weight loss and prevention of weight regain have been less than desired," the authors write. "Therefore, there is a need for more effective interventions." Current recommendations prescribe 30 minutes of moderate physical activity on most days of the week, for a total of 150 minutes per week. However, a growing consensus suggests that more exercise may be needed to enhance long-term weight loss.
To calculate the amount of exercise needed, John M. Jakicic, Ph.D., of the University of Pittsburgh, and colleagues enrolled 201 overweight and obese women in a weight loss intervention between 1999 and 2003. All the women were told to eat between 1,200 and 1,500 calories per day. They were then assigned to one of four groups based on physical activity amount (burning 1,000 calories vs. 2,000 calories per week) and intensity (moderate vs. vigorous). Group meetings focusing on strategies for modifying eating and exercise habits, as well telephone calls with the intervention team, also were conducted over the two-year period.
After six months, women in all four groups had lost an average of 8 percent to 10 percent of their initial body weight. However, most were not able to sustain this weight loss. After two years the women's weight was an average of 5 percent lower than their initial weight, with no difference between groups.
The 24.6 percent of individuals who did maintain a loss of 10 percent or more over two years reported performing more physical activity (an average of 1,835 calories per week, or 275 minutes per week over the baseline level of activity) than those who lost less weight. They also completed more telephone calls with the intervention team, engaged in more eating behaviors recommended for weight control and had a lower intake of dietary fat.
"This clarifies the amount of physical activity that should be targeted for achieving and sustaining this magnitude of weight loss, but also demonstrates the difficulty of sustaining this level of physical activity," the authors write. "Research is needed to improve long-term compliance with this targeted level of physical activity. Moreover, continued contact with the intervention staff and the ability to sustain recommended eating behaviors also may be important contributing factors to maintaining a significant weight loss that exceeds 10 percent of initial body weight, which suggests that physical activity does not function independently of these other behaviors."
Thursday, July 31, 2008
Stretching & Muscle Strength
While some research has raised the question of whether pre-workout stretching hinders muscle performance, a new study suggests that a few minutes of stretching may not sap the average exerciser's muscle strength. Read the entire article.
Apparently there is research suggesting that stretching can sap muscle strength. This is the first I have heard of it. That said, a recent study has found otherwise.
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This from Reuters:
Stretching is part of many active people's pre-exercise routine. But some recent studies have been pointing to potentially negative effects on athletic performance.
In some studies, though not all, stretching right before a workout has been found to decrease both sprint speed and jump height. There's also evidence that stretching temporarily reduces muscle strength.
However, one question has been whether such effects would be seen after the short bouts of stretching that a typical exerciser or weekend athlete might perform.
The new study, published in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, looked at just such a "practical" stretching regimen.
Researchers measured calf-muscle strength in 13 moderately active men and women under four different conditions: after no stretching, and before and after 2, 4 or 8 minutes of calf-muscle stretching.
They found that stretching did not diminish the participants' muscle strength compared with the no-stretching condition. It did, however, temporarily improve the range of motion in the ankle joint.
The findings suggest that "a few minutes of static stretching of the calf muscles before exercise is unlikely to diminish muscle strength," senior researcher Dr. Joel T. Cramer, of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, told Reuters Health.
Past studies, he noted, have shown that longer, less practical stretching regimens may in fact dampen calf muscle strength for a short time. "However," Cramer said, "most exercisers do not continuously stretch their calves for 10, 20 or 30 minutes." . . .
. . . None of this means that stretching is not useful to active people. As demonstrated in the current study, stretching can improve joint range of motion in the short term. And some studies suggest that over the long term, a regular stretching regimen can help build muscle strength.
Having spent a lifetime exercising and taking part in sports where stretching was an absolute necessity to protect one's muscles, I am convinced that, even if stretching causes a small loss in strength, of which I am not convinced, it still protects significantly against muscle pulls and related injuries injuries. I have learned the hard way that going from 0 to max with no stretching holds bad things in store.
Tuesday, July 22, 2008
Declining Activity Levels & Childhood Obesity
A disturbing new study is coming out about kids and their exercise habits. The bottom line: As kids grow from pre-pubescence into teens, their rate of exercise declines sharply. Read the entire article. Parents today face a problem unique in the human experience. Forcing kids to get outside and play is not something one finds as an issue in the written record. It can be done, but it is going to take a lot of work.
Our bodies were built to hunt and gather, to be active. But in the digital age, with more kids playing World of Warcraft than playing basketball or training in tae kwon do, etc., we are witnessing the emergence of a huge nationwide problem. The "gamers" are packing on the pounds. How bad is it? The American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation issued on July 7, are that some children, as young as 8, be put on cholesterol medicine and receive lipid screening to help fight heart disease. Its bad.
The problem, while somewhat attributable to diet, is likely far more attributable to declines in physical activity. Indeed, as the post below on the health of the Masai tribesman indicates, physical activity can erase a bad diet. But a new study shows that kids across the nation and across all cultural and socio-economic divides are showing a precipitous decline in physical activity.
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This from ABC News:
The findings are revealed in the Journal of the American Medical Association that comes out Wednesday. Dr. Philip Nader, professor emeritus of pediatrics at the University of California-San Diego, conducted the comprehensive study, which followed more than 1,000 children for six years.
"What shocked me was the sharp decline in activity," Nader said. The study monitored the habits of the same children from different parts of the country, with different family incomes and different races.
At 9 years old, the kids got about three hours of moderate to vigorous physical activity a day from activities like bike riding, tag or basketball.
However, by the time the kids turned 15, their activity had dropped down to about 49 minutes a day. On the weekends, it was even worse -- kids got about 35 minutes a day.
Researchers estimated that kids' physical activity declined about 40 minutes per day, each year until age 15, when activity fell far below the recommended level.
The Department of Health and Human Service's Dietary Guidelines for Americans suggest that children and adolescents get a minimum of 60 minutes of physical activity, seven days a week.
. . . What makes this study so compelling is how the kids' activities were tracked.
For a full week when the kids were 9, 11, 13, and 15 years old, they wore a computerized device on their belt, called an accelerometer, which measured their movement. The tool gave researchers an accurate view of how kids move and exercise.
The study also found that activity declined for all children across the board, regardless of where they lived, what their family income was or their race. This overarching trend of increasing inactivity points to the raised risk of obesity and heart disease facing America's children.
Nader's findings underscore changes in how children socialize in a digital age. Children spend more time at the computer and television screen, playing video games, than on the street shooting hoops.
"Here's the first time that we have a large group of kids, and it's the same kids from age 9 to 15," Nader said. "So, we are really seeing a culture and a societal decline in activity with age."
The cultural decline in activity that Nader's study identified has much wider implications. The eventual cost is more kids growing into unhealthy adults.
The study's authors called for greater governmental action and programs, beginning at the local level and within the schools, to encourage physical activity within this extremely inactive age group.
Nader also encouraged families to take their own steps to support exercise and general activity in their children and teens.
Monday, July 21, 2008
The Masi - Staying Slim & In Good Health On A High Animal Fat Diet & Active Lifestyle
Scientists have long been puzzled by how the Masai can avoid cardiovascular disease despite having a diet rich in animal fats. Researchers at Karolinska Institutet believe that their secret is in their regular walking. Read the entire article.
The Masi Tribe have a diet very rich in animal fats and deficient in carbohydrates. Yet the average Masi tribesperson is lean, free of cardiovascular disease and has a good blood lipid profile. The reason is not genetics, its an active lifestyle. The Masi walk . . . and walk, and walk and walk averaging 13.22 miles a day. The study does not say, but I wonder what the Omega 3,6,9 ratio is of the animals the Masai consume. If I recall correctly, our animals raised on something of an unnatural diet of grains tend to have a lipid profile weighted toward Omega 6 and that, in the West, the ratios have gotten vastly out of sync. Unfortunately, the study does not address this issue.
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This from Science Daily:
There is strong evidence that the high consumption of animal fats increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Many scientists have therefore been surprised that the nomadic Masai of Kenya and Tanzania are seldom afflicted by the disease, despite having a diet that is rich in animal fats and deficient in carbohydrates.
This fact, which has been known to scientists for 40 years, has raised speculations that the Masai are genetically protected from cardiovascular disease. Now, a unique study by Dr Julia Mbalilaki in association with colleagues from Norway and Tanzania, suggests that the reason is more likely to be the Masai’s active lifestyle.
Their results are based on examinations of the lifestyles, diets and cardiovascular risk factors of 985 middle-aged men and women in Tanzania, 130 of who were Masai, 371 farmers and 484 urbanites. In line with previous studies, their results show that the Masai not only have a diet richer in animal fat than that of the other subjects, but also run the lowest cardiovascular risk, which is to say that they have the lowest body weights, waist-measurements and blood pressure, combined with a healthy blood lipid profile.
What sets the Masai lifestyle apart is also a very high degree of physical activity. The Masai studied expended 2,500 kilocalories a day more than the basic requirement, compared with 1,500 kilocalories a day for the farmers and 891 kilocalories a day for the urbanites. According to the team, most Westerners would have to walk roughly 20 km a day to achieve the Masai level of energy expenditure.
The scientists believe that the Masai are protected by their high physical activity rather than by some unknown genetic factor.
“This is the first time that cardiovascular risk factors have been fully studied in the Masai,” says Dr Mbalilaki. “Bearing in mind the vast amount of walking they do, it no longer seems strange that the Masai have low waist-measurements and good blood lipid profiles, despite the levels of animal fat in their food.”
Sunday, July 20, 2008
Move Over Gatorade
Chocolate milk has scored a valuable spot on and off the court. Studies suggest the unique mix of key nutrients in chocolate milk can help refuel and rehydrate your body after exercise, making it an ideal post-exercise choice. Read the entire article.
The big new sports drink is . . . chocolate milk? Given that the person pushing this is the head Olympic strength coach at the University of Minnesota, this rather strange idea merits some attention.
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This from the Carolina Coast Online:
"Athletes who choose chocolate milk can help benefit their body and their training," says Cal Dietz, head Olympic strength coach at the University of Minnesota. "That's why coaches are increasingly encouraging teen-athletes to drink lowfat chocolate milk to help replenish muscles after practice. Researchers theorize the ratio of carbohydrates and protein in chocolate milk helps muscles recover. Plus, it tastes good and provides nine essential nutrients like calcium, vitamin D, and potassium - nutrients especially important for teen diets."
Scientists have evaluated chocolate milk as a post-exercise drink and have identified several reasons why it may be an effective recovery aid: chocolate milk contains a combination of carbohydrates and protein to help replenish exhausted muscles after exercise, and it provides fluids and electrolytes such as potassium to assist with rehydration.
Additionally, chocolate milk has high-quality protein that helps build lean muscle when combined with exercise and the added bonus of providing additional nutrients not found in most traditional sports drinks. Milk contains nine essential nutrients, including calcium and vitamin D to maintain bone strength, and high-quality protein that along with exercise helps build muscle. Just three 8-ounce glasses of lowfat or fat-free milk provides about half of the protein teenagers of all fitness levels need each day. . . .
Healty Diets & The Israeli Study
Healthy diets will improve health, even if resulting in only a modest sustained weight loss, according to the NYT analysis of the recent Israeli study of three different diets - low fat, Mediterranean, and low carb - over a two year period. Further, the study is of note because the vast majority of people who started the study completed it - something which the plans authors attribute to diet restrictions that were modest at inception and did not vary throughout the study. In a tightly controlled dieting experiment, obese people lost an average of just 6 to 10 pounds over two years. Read the entire article.
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This from the NYT:
The study, published Thursday in The New England Journal of Medicine, was supposed to determine which of three types of diets works best. Instead, the results highlight the difficulty of weight loss and the fact that most diets do not work well.
The researchers followed 322 dieters, 277 men and 45 women. The dieters were assigned to follow one of three types of diets — a diet with about 30 percent fat, based on American Heart Association guidelines; a Mediterranean diet; and a low-carbohydrate diet based on the Atkins diet plan. The study was partly financed by the Atkins Research Foundation.
The trial was conducted at the Nuclear Research Center in Dimona, Israel, an isolated workplace that has its own medical department.
In addition to regular meetings and telephone calls with dietitians for the participants, the plan included nutrition counseling for spouses and a revamping of the food served in the center’s cafeteria.
Because the center is in an isolated area, the dieters consistently ate lunch, the largest meal of the day, in the company cafeteria, where food was color-coded to help dieters comply with their eating plan.
The biggest weight loss happened in the first five months of the diet — low-fat and Mediterranean dieters lost about 10 pounds, and low-carbohydrate dieters lost 14 pounds.
By the end of two years, all the dieters had regained some, but not all, of the lost weight. The low-fat dieters showed a net loss of six pounds, and the Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate dieters both lost about 10 pounds.
Researchers said the results sound modest, but they said the small weight loss had resulted in improvements in cholesterol and other health markers.
“In order to keep participants on the diet for long term as a way of life, we did not impose extreme diet protocols,” said Iris Shai, the study’s lead author and a registered dietitian at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev at the S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and Nutrition. “More dramatic diet protocols could probably reduce more weight for the short term, but participants would have dropped out.”
There were subtle differences in the three diets studied. Men did better on the low-carbohydrate diets, losing 11 pounds compared with about 9 pounds for the Mediterranean diet.
Women fared best on the Mediterranean diet, losing about 14 pounds compared with about 5 pounds on the low-carbohydrate plan.
For all dieters, there were improvements in the ratios of good to bad cholesterol.
“This suggests that healthy diet has beneficial effects beyond weight loss,” Ms. Shai said.
As an aside, it seems apparent that significant weight loss cannot be sustained, irrespective of diet, unless accompanied by at least an hour a day of excercise of sufficient rigor to get the endorphins pumping. That seems to be borne out by an analysis done at the National Weight Control Registry of people who have lost significant amounts of their bodyweight and then have kept it off. Over 90% of these people maintain a robust exercise regime of over an hour per day.